Assessing the impacts of rainfall intensity and urbanization on storm runoff in an arid catchment     

Muhammad A. Al-Zahrani 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(9):208

In the past few decades, rapid urbanization has occurred in many regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to increasing population and urban development. Additionally, the effects of global warming on rainfall characteristics have been observed. This rapid change in urbanization and climate change has cause significant changes in the nature of land surfaces and rainfall patterns, which affect the runoff process and the amount of surface runoff during floods. This study investigated the effect of urbanization and rainfall intensity for Hafr Al-Batin watershed located in Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, a hydrologic model, HEC-HMS, was adopted to simulate the flow of different rainfall intesities and urbanization levels. Simulated results showed that for a 100-year storm, a 24-h duration, and an urbanization level of 80%, the peak flow was 213% higher than the estimated current peak and the runoff volume was 112% higher than the current runoff volume. These results show a strong linear correlation between the level of urbanization and both peak discharge and runoff volume. Furthermore, the results indicate that for short return periods, the peak flow is more sensitive to the level of urbanization compared to long periods.  相似文献   

Bioerosion and encrustation rates in recent mollusk death assemblages on a supratidal siliciclastic setting,Playa Norte,Veracruz State,Mexico     

Catalina Gómez-Espinosa  F. Raúl Gío-Argáez  Ester A. Farinati  Salvador Aliotta  Sergio Adrian Salgado-Souto 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(8):188

This study presents both qualitative and quantitative data regarding marine mollusk (gastropods and bivalves) shell bioerosion and encrustation based on death assemblages obtained from a recent supratidal environment in Playa Norte, Veracruz State. The objectives of this study were to assess the nature of bioerosion and encrustation processes and to investigate the role of these taphonomic features contributing to the deterioration of natural shell accumulations within a tropical siliciclastic tidal environment. The assemblage comprises 31 species: 13 gastropods and 18 bivalves. The bioerosion and encrustation degrees were low to moderate for both types. The most abundant traces were predatory gastropod structures (Oichnus paraboloides and O. simplex), whereas sponge borings (Entobia isp.), polychaete dwellings (Caulostrepsis taeniola), and echinoid raspings (Gnatichnus isp.) were less frequent. The encrusting organisms include polychaete serpulids, bryozoans, and rare foraminifers (Homotrema rubrum). Because of the low bioerosion and encrustation degrees occurring in this area, accumulation is expected to predominate over biotic destruction. As deposition conditions (richly fossiliferous carbonate sandstone beds) were similar to those prevailing in the Tuxpan Formation during the Miocene (Langhian), it is suggested that this study provides an equivalent reference to interpret mollusk fossil assemblages located in this site.  相似文献   

Provenance,weathering, and paleoenvironment of the Upper Cretaceous Duwi black shales,Aswan Governorate,Egypt     

Samir M. Zaid  Oussama A. EL-Badry  Adel M. Akarish  Mahmoud A. Mohamed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(7):147

The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Upper Cretaceous Duwi black shales of Nile Valley district, Aswan Governorate, Egypt, have been investigated to identify the source rock characteristics, paleoweathering, and paleoenvironment of the source area. The Duwi Formation consists mainly of phosphorite and black shales and is subdivided into three members. The lower and upper members composed mainly of phosphorite beds intercalated with thin lenses of gray shales, while the middle member is mainly composed of gray shale, cracked, and filled with gypsum. Mineralogically, the Duwi black shales consist mainly of smectite and kaolinite. The non-clay minerals are dominated by quartz, calcite, phosphate, dolomite, feldspar, with little gypsum, anhydrite, iron oxides, and pyrite. Based on the CIA, PIA, and CIW values (average?=?84, 94, 95, respectively), it can be concluded that the litho-components of the studied shales were subjected to intense chemical weathering and reflect warm/humid climatic conditions in the depositional basin. The provenance discrimination diagram indicates that the nature of the source rocks probably was mainly intermediate and mafic igneous sources with subordinate recycled sedimentary rocks (Nubia Formation). Geochemical characteristics indicate that the Duwi black shales in Nile Valley district were deposited under anoxic reducing marine environments.  相似文献   

Anisotropic Continuous-in-Scale Universal Multifractal Cascades: Simulation,Analysis and Correction Methods     

Arun Ramanathan  A. N. V. Satyanarayana  M. Mandal 《Mathematical Geosciences》2018,50(7):827-859

Continuous-in-scale multifractal cascades has long been an attractive choice for mathematically modeling turbulent and turbulent-like geophysical fields. These fields are usually anisotropic as they are subject to both stratification and rotation, thereby questioning the isotropy assumption often made to model them. The self-affine and generalized scale invariance approaches to scaling are used here to introduce anisotropy in such models. These anisotropic simulations have (1) unresolved large-scale features and (2) statistics that deviate from the desired power-law scaling mainly in the small scales. The former issue is solved via nesting, whereas the latter is attempted to be overcome using singularity correction methods. While earlier studies have proposed isotropic correction methods, here they have been generalized to correct anisotropic simulations. These singularity corrections seem to improve the small-scale statistical properties of mildly anisotropic simulations; nesting, on the other hand, appears to enhance statistics over almost all scales even for strongly anisotropic simulations. Both the correction and nesting techniques lead to a reduction in computational time and memory usage suggesting that nested singularity-corrected cascades offer a better framework for quantitatively modeling the atmosphere, ocean, solid earth, and associated fields.  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid inclusions and stable isotopes study constraints on genesis of sulfide ore mineral,Qaladiza area Qandil Series,Iraqi Kurdistan Region     

Tola A. Mirza  Saman Gh. Rashid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(7):146

The metalized quartz veins is located 5 km west of the Iraqi-Iran border in the Qandil range. The quartz veins included sulfide and oxide ore minerals which mostly occur in the form of open-space filling texture. The polymetallic mesothermal quartz veins are hosted by marble and phyllite rocks. Within these veins, multiphase, open-space filling and crustiform, bedding to massive textures with pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite,galena, sphalerite, tenorite, azurite, and malachite are observed. Selected samples were analyzed by using ore microscopy and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ore minerals show replacement textures. The paragenesis diagram was made from a careful study of polished sections and three stages have been identified including pre-stage mineralization, mineralization, and post-mineralization stages.Fluid inclusion microthermometric analysis of 15 primary inclusions of quartz veins indicated that ore mineralization at the studied area were formed by a mesothermal, low to medium density, and dilute NaCl-type fluid system. The source of the fluid is mostly metamorphic which became mixed with other fluids later. Hydrothermal fluids of the selected studied area were classified into two groups based on microthermometry study; the first group had a higher homogenization temperature (335.5 to 386.8 °C) than the second group (194.1 to 298.5 °C), with a small difference in salinity between them. Nearly each group has different complexes including chloride and sulfide complexes respectively. The results of stable sulfur isotope of the ore minerals (chalcopyrite and sphalerite) confirmed the sedimentary and/or metamorphic origin of the ore mineralization.  相似文献   

河北省苹果膨大期高温热害和气候适宜性分析     

魏丽欣  张良玉  赵春雷  张会  孙小诺  刘宏举 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(4):10-15

选取河北省45个苹果种植主产县,利用1988—2017年6—8月≥35℃高温日数、≥0.1 mm降水日数、20～27℃适宜气温日数(剔除高温和降水同时出现日数)进行数理统计,分析河北省苹果膨大期高温热害指数和气候适宜指数时间变化特征,并对各指数进行分级、评价。采用GIS反距离权重法差值分析,构建区划图,分析河北省苹果膨大期高温热害指数和气候适宜指数的空间分布特征。结果表明:苹果膨大期高温日数以每10年0.9天的日数上升;适宜气温日数、降水日数分别以每10年2.7、1.1天的日数下降。历年高温热害指数每10年上升0.03,气候适宜指数每10年下降3.6。高温热害重度风险区域主要分布在河北平原中南部的冀南地区,中度风险区分布在河北省境内太行山中、西部及河北平原的北部区域,轻度风险区主要分布在燕山区域的冀东地区。气候适宜区主要分布在燕山区域的冀东地区、西北及环渤海区域;较适宜区分布在河北省境内太行山中部及河北平原的北部区域,也包括沧州、邯郸市的苹果种植县;一般适宜区主要分布在河北平原中南部的冀南地区。  相似文献   

浙江省涂膜柑橘贮藏期烂果风险区划及历史变化特征     

余丽萍  叶海龙  李辉  王治海 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(4):27-32

为了了解浙江省涂膜柑橘贮藏期烂果风险的时空分布规律及其近60年的变化特征,利用1961—2016年常规站日气象观测资料,以涂膜柑橘贮藏腐烂阈值及各时段发生的频率为区划指标,采用距离权重反比法(IDW,Inverse Distance Weighted),开展了柑橘贮藏期烂果时间阈值风险区划,并分析了它的年代际变化。结果表明:2006年以后,浙江涂膜柑橘贮藏期烂果出现的时间越来越早,且从西南地区到东北地区柑橘贮藏期烂果出现时间逐渐推迟。最晚时间西南部地区在3月上旬,中西部地区和沿海南部地区在3月中旬,其他地区在3月下旬。21世纪10年代前6年与20世纪60年代相比较,丽水涂膜柑橘贮藏最早烂果时间从3月第1候提前到2月第4候,而最晚时间从4月第4候提前到第1候。区划结果将为橘农合理安排柑橘贮存、及时进行贩销提供参考和科学依据,从而减少对柑橘贮藏品质的影响。  相似文献   

气象因素对汕头市大气O3污染的影响     

杜勤博  吴晓燕  郑素帆  陈欢欢  郭丹妮 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(4):83-89

利用2014年到2016年汕头市O_3的逐日浓度资料,分析了O_3污染的时间变化特征,并结合汕头市国家基准气象观测站的同期地面气象资料,分析了风、混合层厚度、降水、大气环流等气象因素对O_3污染的影响,同时探讨了影响污染物浓度变化的原因。结果表明:不同于北方多数城市夏季O_3污染严重,汕头市的O_3污染秋季(9—11月)最严重,初夏(6月)污染较小,这与汕头的地理位置和气候条件有关。O_3浓度呈单峰型日变化,午后15:00左右浓度最高,夜间浓度较低。风速对O_3既有扩散作用,又有混合作用,当日均风速为1.7 m/s时O_3的平均浓度最大;O_3日均浓度与14时混合层厚度呈显著正相关,午后混合层厚度对O_3日内峰值有很大影响;O_3平均浓度在相对湿度60%时达到最大,高相对湿度不利于O_3体积分数的积累;降水对O_3的去除效果随着降水量级的增大而增大,汛期降水的去除效果与总体去除效果基本一致,而非汛期强降水(中雨以上)去除效果更加显著;出现轻雾时O_3浓度接近平均,出现霾时O_3浓度较高,出现大雾时不利于O_3的生成;当汕头市地面为冷高压脊、850 hPa为东北风场、500 hPa为副热带高压控制时,有利于光化学反应,易造成O_3污染。  相似文献   

多隐层BP神经网络在模式预报中的简化应用          下载免费PDF全文

沈沉  赵文灿  施金海  高翔  顾松强 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(4):127-132

EC细网格预报效果好,基本满足业务需要,在工作中被广泛应用。为进一步提升预报准确性,做好迪士尼园区的气象服务保障,选取2016年7月至2017年6月1年的2 m温度预报场,24 h预报时效的时间分辨率为3 h,72 h预报时效的时间分辨率为24 h,分别用回归分析法、S型和简化Line型BP神经网络法进行模式释用,与迪士尼气象站观测数据对比。结果表明:阈值为1℃时,对模式结果释用后,均方根误差减少了0.5℃到1.0℃,3—9 h和21—72 h预报时效的准确率由原来的50%和30%分别上升到70%和50%。采用S型多隐层BP神经网络误差最小,不同预报时效释用稳定性最高,同时该释用方法对t_(min)的预报特征把握更精准,释用效果明显优于对t_(max)的预报释用,但迭代计算耗费时间大幅增多,与预报效果的提升不成正比。简化Line型的BP神经网络通过8个半月的数据量和简单的网络模式,捕获了EC预报的特征,不但减小了计算量,大幅缩短了计算时间,而且预报结果也有显著提升,预报稳定性较好,具有广泛的业务应用空间。  相似文献   

关于水文地质水井钻探工程中新型自动解垢过滤器的分析研究     

汤凤林  沈中华  段隆臣  彭莉  Чихоткин В.Ф. 《探矿工程》2018,45(7):56-61

水文地质钻探、水井钻探是探矿工程的重要组成部分。随着水资源需求量的增加和生态环境保护要求的提高,水文地质和水井钻探工程显得更为重要。在其成井过程中,常见过滤器腐蚀结垢,直接影响井眼进水量和抽水效果,甚至导致过滤器和井眼报废。俄罗斯南方国立技术大学Третьяк А.Я.教授等人发明了自动解垢过滤器,解决了过滤器腐蚀结垢问题。  相似文献